桂林硝盐洞滴水水文和水化学动态变化特征   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0  

周文亮  姜光辉  陈国富  白俞  王开然 《中国岩溶》2013,32(1):51-56

为认识裸露型岩溶包气带洞穴水文水化学动态变化特征,以桂林硝盐洞滴水为例,选取桂林硝盐洞3处滴水,对滴速、电导率、pH值、Ca2+、Mg2+、Sr2+进行监测,结果显示:(1)岩溶洞穴滴水的离子浓度与温度降水关系密切,高温多雨时节岩溶作用加快,洞穴滴水中Ca2+、Mg2+含量升高,同时强降雨会导致离子浓度产生很大波动;(2)滴水化学性质受到土壤、基岩顶板厚度、滴水量等的影响,土壤层越厚,滴水中Ca2+含量越高;(3)受“慢速补给”的滴水点,其滴水量与离子浓度呈正相关性,而受“快速补给”的滴水点,其滴水量与离子浓度呈负相关性;同时接受两种方式补给的滴水点,其滴水量和离子浓度变化剧烈,且呈良好的正相关性。   相似文献   

A ~30,000-year record of environmental changes inferred from Lake Chen Co,Southern Tibet     

Liping Zhu  Xiaolin Zhen  Junbo Wang  Houyuan Lü  Manping Xie  Hiroyki Kitagawa  Göran Possnert 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2009,42(3):343-358

Climatic and environmental changes since the last glacial period are important to our understanding of global environmental change. There are few records from Southern Tibet, one of the most climatically sensitive areas on earth. Here we present a study of the lake sediments (TC1 core) from Lake Chen Co, Southern Tibet. Two sediment cores were drilled using a hydraulic borer in Terrace 1 of Lake Chen Co. AMS ¹⁴C dating of the sediments showed that the sequence spanned >30,000 years. Analyses of present lake hydrology indicated that glacier melt water is very important to maintaining the lake level. Sediment variables such as grain size, TOC, TN, C/N, Fe/Mn, CaCO₃, and pollen were analyzed. Warm and moderately humid conditions dominated during the interval 30,000–26,500 cal year BP. From 26,500 to 20,000 cal year BP, chemical variables and pollen assemblages indicate a cold/dry environment, and pollen amounts and assemblages suggest a decline in vegetation. From 20,000 to 18,000 cal year BP, the environment shifted from cold/dry to warm/humid and vegetation rebounded. The environment transitioned to cold/humid during 16,500–10,500 cal year BP, with a cold/dry event around 14,500 cal year BP. After 10,500 cal year BP, the environment in this region tended to be warm/dry, but exhibited three stages. From 10,500 to 9,000 cal year BP, there was a short warm/humid period, but a shift to cold/dry conditions occurred around 9,000 cal year BP. Thereafter, from 9,000 to 6,000 cal year BP, there was a change from cold/dry to warm/humid conditions, with the warmest period around 6,000 cal year BP. After 6,000 cal year BP, the environment cooled rapidly, but then displayed a warming trend. Chemical variables indicate that a relatively warm/dry event occurred around 5,500–5,000 cal year BP, which is supported by time-lagged pollen assemblages around 4,800 cal year BP. Our lake sediment sequence exhibits environmental changes since 30,000 cal year BP, and most features agree with records from the Greenland GISP2 ice core and with other sequences from the Tibetan Plateau. This indicates that environmental changes inferred from Lake Chen Co, Southern Tibet were globally significant.  相似文献   

天津市不同土地利用类型土壤中多环芳烃的含量特征   总被引：30，自引：2，他引：28  

王学军  任丽然  戴永宁  陈静  朴秀英  陶澍 《地理研究》2003,22(3):360-366

本文分析了天津不同土地利用类型表层土壤若干多环芳烃组分的含量特征及污染水平。结果显示,城市绿地土壤中多环芳烃的含量最高,污灌农田土壤中一些组分的含量也较高,但多数组分与普通农田、荒地等其他土地利用类型相差不大;在6种土地利用类型中,低环/高环在大部分地区小于1,说明天津地区多环芳烃污染主要以燃烧源为主。芘/苯并(a)芘参数值则反映出市区绿地土壤受交通污染的影响比较大;各种土地利用类型土壤表层均受到了一定程度的多环芳烃污染,其中城市绿地土壤污染程度较为严重  相似文献   

东海DGKS9617岩芯物源研究   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

余华  刘振夏  熊应乾  李巍然  王昆山 《沉积学报》2004,22(4):651-657

东海内陆架东北部DGKS9617岩芯以55cm为界明显地分为两个沉积相,岩芯下部(55～851cm)潮流作用明显,为浅海潮流相,而上部(0～55cm)潮流作用不明显,为浅海相沉积。岩芯的重矿物含量特征,Fe、Mn、V、Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn等7个元素的判别函数计算结果,以及碳酸盐分析和Ba-Sr-Zn三角判别图均一致显示岩芯沉积物的重矿物和元素地球化学特征与长江沉积物类似,柱样沉积物主要来源于长江,虽然不同沉积相的沉积环境差别较大,但其物质来源并未发生变化。  相似文献   

Source properties of the 1997–98 Central Italy earthquake sequence from inversion of long-period and broad-band seismograms     

Andrea Morelli  Göran Ekström  Marco Olivieri 《Journal of Seismology》2000,4(4):365-375

We study source properties of the main earthquakes of the 1997–98 Umbria-Marche (central Italy) sequence by analysis of regional-distanceand teleseismic long period and broadband seismograms recorded by MedNet and IRIS/GSN stations. We use a modified Harvardcentroid-moment tensor (CMT) algorithm to allow inversion of long period waveforms, primarily Rayleigh and Love waves, for small earthquakes (4.2 M_W 5.5) at local to regional distances (<15^°). For the seven largest earthquakes (M_W>5.2) moment tensors derived from local and regional data agree well with those determined using teleseismic waveforms and standard methods of analysis. We also determine moment tensors for a foreshock and 12 other aftershocks, that were too small for global analysis. Focal depth and rupture propagation are analyzed for three largest shocks by inversion of teleseismic broadband body waves. The earthquakes are generally located at shallow depth (5 km or shallower) and are characterized by normal faulting mechanisms, with a NE-SW tension axis. The presumed principal fault plane dips at a shallow angle towards the SW. Only one of the events analyzed has an entirely different faulting geometry, indicating instead right-lateral strike-slip motion on a plane approximately E-W, or left-lateral faulting on a N-S plane. The other significant exception to the regular pattern of mechanisms is represented by the March 26, 1998, event, located at 51 km depth. Its connection with the shallow earthquake sequence is unclear and intriguing. The time evolution of the seismic sequence is unusual,with the mainshock accounting for only approximately 50% of the total moment release. The broadband teleseismic waveforms of the main, September 26, 09:40, earthquake are very complicated for the size of the event and suggest a complex rupture. In our favored source model, rupture initiated at 5 km depth, propagated updip and was followed, 3 seconds later, by a shallower subevent with a slightly rotated mechanism.  相似文献   

Reconstruction of climatic and environmental changes in NW Romania during the early part of the last deglaciation (15,000–13,600 cal yr BP)     

Barbara Wohlfarth  Gina Hannon  Angelica Feurdean  Lucretia Ghergari  Bogdan P. Onac  Gran Possnert 《Quaternary Science Reviews》2001,20(18):3

High resolution pollen, plant macrofossil, charcoal, mineral magnetic and sedimentary analyses, combined with AMS ¹⁴C measurements, were performed on multiple sediment sequences along a transect through the former crater lake Preluca iganului in northwestern Romania in order to reconstruct the climatic and environmental changes during the early part of the Last Termination. Lake sediments started to accumulate at 14,700 cal yr BP. Initially the upland vegetation consisted of an open forest with mainly Betula and Salix and few Pinus sp., but from 14,500 cal yr BP onwards, Pinus mugo, P. sylvestris and Populus and later on also Larix became established around the lake. Between 14,150 and 13,950 cal yr BP, Pinus cembra seems to have replaced P. mugo and P. sylvestris. At 13,950 cal yr BP the tree cover increased and Picea appeared for the first time, together with Pinus cembra, P. mugo and Larix. From 13,750 cal yr BP onwards, a Picea forest developed around the site. Based on the combined proxy data the following climatic development may be inferred: 14,700–14,500 cal yr BP, cooler and wet/humid; 14,500–14,400 cal yr BP: gradually warmer temperatures, wet/humid with dry summers; 14,400–14,320 cal yr BP: warm and dry; 14,320–14,150 cal yr BP: cooler and wet/humid; 14,150–14,100 cal yr BP: warm and dry; 14,100–13,850 cal yr BP: warmer and wet/humid; <13,850 cal yr BP: warm and dry. The tentative correlation of this development with the North Atlantic region assumes that the period >14,700 cal yr could correspond to GS-2a, the time span between 14,700 and 14,320 to GI-1e, the phase between 14,320 and 14,150 cal yr BP to GI-1d and the time frame between 14,150 and 13,600 cal yr BP to the lower part of GI-1c.  相似文献   

Determination of the permeability of a clay liner     

Gran B. Sllfors  J. Peirce 《Engineering Geology》1985,21(3-4):225-228

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Strains and stresses in the rock around and unlined hot water cavern     

Göran Rehbinder 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》1984,17(3):129-145

Summary Hot water stored in an unlined rock cavern is an efficient energy storage. A research program has been carried out with a test plant at the city of Avesta, Sweden. The plant consists of a rock cavern, the volume of which is 15000 m³, which serves as an energy buffer in the district heating system of the city. The water is heated from a garbage incinerator located close to the cavern.During the first test period the temperature of the stored water has varied between 40°C and 95°C. The heating of the rock causes strains and stresses in the rock. The measurements show that the state in the rock does mainly respond to the average temperature and not to the fluctuations. The maximum thermal stress is 9 MPa occurring at the wall of the cavern. The heave of the ground is less than 5 mm.The development of stress and strain will continue after the first test period since thermal equilibrium was not reached during this period.  相似文献   

A closure study of sub-micrometer aerosol particle hygroscopic behaviour   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Erik Swietlicki  Jingchuan Zhou  Olle H. Berg  Bengt G. Martinsson  Gran Frank  Sven-Inge Cederfelt  Ulrike Dusek  Axel Berner  Wolfram Birmili  Alfred Wiedensohler  Brett Yuskiewicz  Keith N. Bower 《Atmospheric Research》1999,50(3-4)

The hygroscopic properties of sub-micrometer aerosol particles were studied in connection with a ground-based cloud experiment at Great Dun Fell, in northern England in 1995. Hygroscopic diameter growth factors were measured with a Tandem Differential Mobility Analyser (TDMA) for dry particle diameters between 35 and 265 nm at one of the sites upwind of the orographic cloud. An external mixture consisting of three groups of particles, each with different hygroscopic properties, was observed. These particle groups were denoted less-hygroscopic, more-hygroscopic and sea spray particles and had average diameter growth factors of 1.11–1.15, 1.38–1.69 and 2.08–2.21 respectively when taken from a dry state to a relative humidity of 90%. Average growth factors increased with dry particle size. A bimodal hygroscopic behaviour was observed for 74–87% of the cases depending on particle size. Parallel measurements of dry sub-micrometer particle number size distributions were performed with a Differential Mobility Particle Sizer (DMPS). The inorganic ion aerosol composition was determined by means of ion chromatography analysis of samples collected with Berner-type low pressure cascade impactors at ambient conditions. The number of ions collected on each impactor stage was predicted from the size distribution and hygroscopic growth data by means of a model of hygroscopic behaviour assuming that only the inorganic substances interacted with the ambient water vapour. The predicted ion number concentration was compared with the actual number of all positive and negative ions collected on the various impactor stages. For the impactor stage which collected particles with aerodynamic diameters between 0.17–0.53 μm at ambient relative humidity, and for which all pertinent data was available for the hygroscopic closure study, the predicted ion concentrations agreed with the measured values within the combined measurement and model uncertainties for all cases but one. For this impactor sampling occasion, the predicted ion concentration was significantly higher than the measured. The air mass in which this sample was taken had undergone extensive photochemical activity which had probably produced hygroscopically active material other than inorganic ions, such as organic oxygenated substances.  相似文献   

Middle Proterozoic anorogenic magmatism in Sweden and worldwide     

Gran berg 《Lithos》1988,21(4):279-289

Compilation of geochronological data from southeastern Sweden indicates widespread anorogenic intrusive activity between 1.40 and 1.35 Ga ago. This activity was part of a major igneous event in a belt extending from Siberia and the Urals in the U.S.S.R. across southern Scandinavia, southern Greenland, and Labrador to western North America. It was characterized by high-level granites, sometimes rapakivilike, intruded under anorogenic conditions. The source granite melts were probably derived by the fusion of lower crust, i.e. older calc-alkaline Proterozoic granitoids, by mantle magma. These composite melts were mixed at the time of intrusion and gave rise to granitoids showing mixed I- and S-type features. The causes for the igneous activity were probably related to changes in the configuration of the continents with ensuing rifting and associated igneous activity. The 1.40-1.35 Ga old intrusions reset older isotope systems, especially the K---Ar one in southeastern Sweden. Between 1.25 and 1.20 Ga ago, there was a second event of smaller magnitude, characterized by the intrusion of acid and basic dykes. These dykes probably correspond to an initial stage of the Grenvillian (Sveconorwegian) orogeny soon to be followed by a 90° rotation of the Baltic shield.  相似文献